• Vector Operations (one layer)
  Buffer and Dissolve
• Vector Operations (two layers)
  Spatial Join
• Attribute Statistics & Aggregation

• Buffer
• Dissolve
• Transformations (vector to raster)
• Convex Hull
• Centroids
• Transformations (polygon to line or vice versa)
• Voroni Polygons (fill plane from points)

• ring buffer (one radius)
• multiple-ring buffer (several radii)

• combines features based on attribute
• useful for data aggregation
• useful for cartography
  • multiple line segments with same label (roads)
  • remove duplicate polygon labels for area

Dissolve Miami-Dade Streets layer

• Create project folder and start new project
• From the Box folder download Streets.zip and Water_P.zip; unzip into the project data folder
• Add both layers to your project and put streets on top of water
• Symbolize streets as unique values based on CLASS (0-1 freeways, 2-4 main roads, 5-9 streets)
• Label streets as with classes for CLASS (use SQL to select certain streets and label)
• Use the Dissolve Tool to dissolve streets on PRE_DIR, ST_NAME, ST_TYPE, SUF_DIR, CLASS
• Import symbology from Streets to new dissolve layer
• Explore differences ..

Create Layout and Refine

• Create layout zoomed in to Miami River
• Set position and scale of map by numbers
• Add scale and north arrow
• Symbolize the Water_P layer to have a thin blue stroke, zoom in to check
• Export layout as aix
• With the Maps for Adobe Creative Cloud plugin installed and the correct version of Illustrator ...
• Open the aix file in Illustrator
• Explore the layers

• Only geometries and attributes that overlap are preserved
  - Attributes from both layers copied to new feature
  - Output geometry is lowest dimension of input geometries
• Ratio (ArcGIS) or Overlap (QGIS) analysis
  - Attributes calculated as percentage of original area for each new polygon
  
• Two rectangles in one layer and one circle in second layer
  - Three features in two layers to begin
  - Two features in one layer as a result
• Similar to logical AND

• All geometries and attributes preserved
  - FID's are labelled according to layer names
  - All features are of original size or smaller (never larger)
• Ratio (ArcGIS) or Overlap (QGIS) analysis
  - Attributes calculated as percentage of original area for each new polygon
  
• Two rectangles in one layer and one circle in second layer
  - Three features in two layers to begin
  - Five features in one layer as a result
• Similar to logical OR

• Only geometries and attributes from input preserved
  - All features are of original size or smaller (never larger)
• Ratio (ArcGIS) or Overlap (QGIS) analysis
  - Attributes calculated as percentage of original area for each new polygon
  
• Four polygons one layer and one square in second layer
  - Five features in two layers to begin
  - Four features in one layer as a result (with multipart)
• Similar to logical AND NOT

• Only geometries and attributes from input preserved
  - All features are of original size or smaller (never larger)
• Both input and clip features can be points lines or polygons
  - Be careful of unexpected results
  
• Four polygons and two points in one layer and one circle in clip layer
  - Seven features in two layers to begin
  - Four features in one layer as a result (with multi geometries)

• Must use one vector feature to clip
• Make sure projections are the same
  - It will function across projections, but makes computer work harder
  
• Does not have to be rectangle
  - Hence not "crop"
  

• (review) Raster to Vector : Extract or Zonal Statistics
  • Extracts data from continuous surface to discrete features
• Vector (point/line) to Raster: Interpolation
  • Interpolates one or more specific data values
  • Fills in the gaps between discrete features on a continuous surface
• Vector to Raster (point/line/polygon): Rasterize
  • Converts vector geometries to raster image
  • Leaves gaps in raster where there is no discrete feature

Estimating PM2 concentrations for the continental United States

1. Creating x/y data from a csv (review)
2. Inverse Distance Weighting Interpolation
3. Spline Interpolation
4. Kriging
5. Clipping interpolation with boundary polygon
6. Clipping raster with boundary polygon
7. Raster algebra (review)

Download from indicated source or Box (epa.zip in data folder)

1. EPA AQS PM2.5 Annually Summary data 2022
   annual_conc_by_monitor_2022.csv (create x/y points from lat/lon - NAD83!!)
2. USA nation outline TIGER file (geography division, census bureau)
   cb_2018_us_nation_5m.shp
3. USA major cities (ESRI living atlas, can be data as a service)

Load into ArcGIS Pro and style as needed

In tool box under Spatial Analyst

1. Take a moment to review the Interpolation toolbox
2. Open IDW tool
   • Input point features: EPA data
   • Z_value: Arithmetic Mean (what is Z-Value?)
   • Output Cell Size: 0.183071288 (what is this?)
   • Search radius: variable
   • Number of Points: 12

In tool box under Spatial Analyst

1. Open Spline tool
   • Input point features: EPA data
   • Z_value: Arithmetic Mean
   • Output Cell Size: 0.183071288
   • Spline Type: regularized
   • Weight: 0.1
   • Number of Points: 12

1. Open Kriging tool
   • Input point features: EPA data
   • Z_value: Arithmetic Mean
   • Kriging Method: Ordinary
   • Sevivariogram Model: Spherical
   • Lag size: 0.183071288
   • Number of Points: 12
   • Output Cell Size: 0.183071288
   • Search Radius: Variable
   • Number of Points: 12

Clip all three rasters to extend of continental USA

1. edit cb_2018_us_nation_5m.shp and delete Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico (review)
2. Open clip tool (analysis tools)
   • Input Raster: an interpolated raster layer
   • Output extent: cb_2018_us_nation_5m
   • [x] Use Input Features for Clipping Geometry
   • When complete, copy symbology from source to new layer
     hint: right click new layer, select symbology and use hamburger menu to "Import from Layer"

Use Raster Calculator to compare values (review)

1. Open Raster Calculator (spatial analyst tools)
2. Map algebra expression: kriging - spline
3. Symbolize with diverging color ramp
4. Interpret ....